CARBON MONOXIDE DANGER AND EFFECTS BASIC INFORMATION AND TUTORIALS

What are the dangers of carbon monoxide?

Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas and – without chemical analysis – its presence is undetectable. It is produced by steam reforming or incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels;

Carbon monoxide is extremely toxic by inhalation since it reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. In sufficient concentration it will result in unconsciousness and death.

The STEL is 200 ppm but extended periods of exposure around this, particularly without interruption, raise concern for adverse health effects and should be avoided. If a potential carbon monoxide hazard is identified, or confirmed by atmospheric monitoring.

Typical carbon monoxide concentrations in gases

Gas Typical carbon monoxide concentration (%)
Blast furnace gas 20–25
Coal and coke oven gas 7–16
Natural gas, LPG (unburnt) nil
Petrol or LPG engine exhaust gas 1–10
Diesel engine exhaust gas 0.1–0.5

Typical reactions of persons to carbon monoxide in air

Carbon monoxide (ppm) Effect
30 Recommended exposure limit (8 hr time-weighted average concentration)
200 Headache after about 7 hr if resting or after 2 hr exertion
400 Headache with discomfort with possibility of collapse after 2 hr at rest or 45 min exertion
1200 Palpitation after 30 min at rest or 10 min exertion
2000 Unconscious after 30 min at rest or 10 min exertion